Table of Contents

Plumbing Parts | Pipe Fitting Equipment -Basic Of Plumbing

Pipes & Pipe Fittings:

Pipes:
Threaded pipe is often used in plumbing and pneumatic applications. Because pipe joints must form a seal, the threaded portion is slightly conical rather than cylindrical. As a result, threaded pipe requires specialized taps and dies. A modified form of the basic pipe thread shape is the Dry-Seal thread. The Dry-Seal thread is formed so that during assembly, the tips of the male threads are slightly crushed into the roots of the female threads, affecting, in theory, a liquid-tight fit.

The pipes may be made up of different types like Plastic pipe, Galvanized Iron (GI) pipe, Mild steel pipe, Cast iron pipe, Copper pipe, Brass pipe, Lead pipe, Rubber pipe, Fiber pipe, Polythene pipe.

What tools used For Plumbing- Plumbing Tools

Pipe Fittings , Plumbing Parts :

Fittings are used in pipe and plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, to adapt to different sizes or shapes, and to regulate fluid flow.

a) Elbow:
A pipe fitting installed between two lengths of pipe or tube allowing a change of direction, usually 90° or 45°. The ends may be machined for butt welding, threaded. When the two ends differ in size, it is called a reducing or reducer elbow.

b) Tee:
A tee is used to either combine or split a fluid flow. Most common are tees with the same inlet and outlet sizes, but ‘reducing’ tees are available as well.

c) Cap:
A type of pipe fitting, often liquid or gas tight, which covers the end of a pipe. A cap has a similar function to a plug.

d) Plug:
A plug closes off the end of a pipe. It is similar to a cap but it fits inside the fitting.

e) Nipple:
Short stub of pipe, usually threaded iron, A nipple is defined as being a short stub of pipe which has two male ends. Nipple is commonly used for plumbing and hoses, and second as valves for funnels and pipes.

f) Coupling:
A coupling connects two pipes to each other. If the material and size of the pipe are not the same, the fitting may be called a ‘reducing coupling’ or reducer, or an adapter.

g) Union:
A union is similar to a coupling, except it is designed to allow quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for maintenance or fixture replacement.

h) Valve:
A valve is a device that regulates the flow of a fluid (gases, fluidized solids, slurries, or liquids) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Plumbing valves, such as taps for hot and cold water are the most noticeable types of valves. Valves may be operated manually, either by a hand wheel, lever or pedal.

i) Wrench:
A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide a mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn bolts, nuts or other items designed to interface with a wrench.

j) Flange:
Flanges are largely used for pipe joints. Flange joint may be made with flanges which are cast integral with the pipes (or) loose flanges which are welded (or) screwed with pipes.

k) Bush:
It is a short sleeve like piece which is used to reduce the size of a threaded opening.

Applications of Plumbing
The major categories of plumbing systems or subsystems are:
• Potable cold and hot water supply
• Traps, drains, and vents
• Septic systems
• Rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage
• Fuel gas piping