Hammers

A hammer is a tool consisting of a weighted “head” fixed to a long handle that is swung to deliver an impact to a small area of an object. This can be, for example, to drive nails into wood, to shape metal (as with a forge), or to crush rock. Hammers are used for a wide range of driving, shaping, and breaking applications.

The modern hammer head is typically made of steel which has been heat-treated for hardness, and the handle (also known as a haft or helve) is typically made of wood or plastic.

Types of hammers used in Forging :

Hand hammers

There are two major kinds of hammers are used in hand forging:

(1) the hand hammer used by the smith himself and
(2) the sledge hammer used by the striker.

Hand hammers (Fig. ) may further be classified as

(a) ball peen hammer,
(b) straight peen hammer, and
(c) cross peen hammer.

Sledge hammers (Fig. ) may further be classified as

(a) Double face hammer,
(b) straight peen hammer, and
(c) cross peen hammer.

Hammer heads are made of cast steel and, their ends are hardened and tempered. The striking face is made slightly convex. The weight of a hand hammer varies from about 0.5 to 2 kg whereas the weight of a sledge hammer varies from 4 to 10 kg.

Set hammer

A set hammer generally used in the forging shop is shown in Fig. It is used for finishing corners in shouldered work where the flatter would be inconvenient. It is also used for drawing out the gorging job.

Types of hammers used in Welding  :

Chipping hammer

Chipping Hammer (Fig.) is used to remove the slag by striking.

Types Of hammers used in Sheet metals :

Fig shows the various types of hammers used in sheet metal work for forming shapes. The uses of different kind of hammers are given as under:

(a) Smoothing hammer. Smoothing hammer (Fig. (a)) is used for leveling and smoothing a sheet metal joint.
(b) Stretching hammer. Stretching hammer (Fig. (b)) is used for the stretching sheet.
(c) Creasing hammer. Creasing hammer (Fig. (c)) is used to close down the joint edges of the sheets metal part.
(d) Hollowing hammer. Hollowing hammer (Fig. (d)) is used for hollowing sheet metal part. It is used for generating sharp radii also.
(e) Riveting hammer. Riveting hammer (Fig. (e)) is used for forming riveted heads.
(f) Planishing hammer. Planishing hammer (Fig. (f)) is used for removing small marks or indentations from the sheet metal job surface and to true the shape of the work. It smoothens off the finished sheet metal work.
(g) Soft hammer or Mallets. Mallets (Fig. (g)) used during working with soft metal sheets. They may be of wood, rubber, or raw hide. A mallet strikes a blow with the minimum damage to the surface. In sheet metal work, the commonly used mallets are bossing mallet, tinman’s mallet (Fig. (h)), and rawhide mallet (Fig. (i)).

Types Of hammers used in Carpentry :

Mallet

A mallet is a short-handled wooden hammer with a large head as shown in Fig. It is used to strike a chisel for heavy cutting waste wood, from joints such as mortises and halving joints and also for removing unwanted, wood on shaped work, etc. Mallet is frequently also used to tap parts of a project together during the assembly process.

Warrington Hammer

Warrington hammer is used for knocking in nails, assembling joints and setting wooden plane blades. The head is forged from tool steel and is obtainable in various weights. The face of the hammer is hardened, tempered and ground slightly convex. The center part of the head is
not hardened as a precaution against breakage in use through its being to brittle. The handle is made of wood and is oval in cross-section to have a comfortable grip. The end of the handle fits into a hole in the head and is held in position by wooden or metal wedges that open out the grain, thus securely locking the two parts together.

Peen Hammer

The peen hammer is used for striking nails where the use of the face is impracticable. The peen hammer is very light and is used for driving the panel pins and fine nails.

Claw Hammer

The claw hammer is shown in Fig. One of its end possesses curved claw which is used for extracting nails in order to provide the extra strength needed for this levering action. The other end is used for light striking work. A strong handle on the claw hammer is always necessary for carrying out the task.

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