Study and Fabrication of Solar Powered Multiple Crop Cutter – Mechanical Agricultural Project

ABSTRACT:

Solar power energy from the sun is converted into thermal or electrical energy which is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source. The U.S.A. has the richest solar sources in the world. Solar energy plays an important role in agricultural operations like drying food products, solar water and air heaters, solar cookers, irrigation, street lights and some home appliances. In Indian farms, the cutting operations are mainly performed by hand. Now a days, the use of mechanized cutting instruments, powered by fossil fuels can also been seen in some places. In hand cutting, the cutting of the crops consumes ample amount of time and labour charges, which is a drawback.

In mechanized cutting methods, the operating & fuel cost of the machine exceeds the budget of a common farmer. To overcome all these drawbacks, we can use renewable, Non-conventional energy source like solar energy as it is easily available in nature. An application of non-conventional, renewable energy source is the alternate solution for current energy demand. In this project solar energy is used which is non-conventional-renewable energy source which is freely available, to reduce the overall cost of the cutting operation. The mechanisms used are also simple. The machine is light weight & Compact. Most importantly, can be easily availed by the farmers.

INTRODUCTION
In the country like India where the main source of income is agriculture. Needs to concentrate in some aspects like how to increase productivity and profit, how to reduce cost and how to solve and ease the problems of workers. To overcome this new manually operated cutter is fabricated for cutting of multiple types of crop during harvesting and named as “Multi Crop Cutter”. It possesses four criterion ease in manufacturing, ease in handling, low cost and light weight. There are some procedures involved in fabrication of this device such as fabricating prototypes, material & component selection, etc.

Today, India ranks second among other countries across the globe in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.7% of the GDP in 2013, about 50% of the workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India’s GDP is steadily decreasing with the country’s broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is a demographically broad economic sector and plays a important role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India. According to WHO, Slow agricultural growth is an interest for policymakers as two-thirds of India’s people depend on rural employment for a living. The agricultural practices which are currently employed are neither economically nor environmentally sustainable and India’s yields for many agricultural material are comparatively low.
Improperly maintained irrigation systems and almost universal lack of good extension services are among the factors responsible. Farmers’ access to markets is hampered by poor roads, rudimentary market infrastructure, and excessive regulation.

COMPONENTS USED
DC Motor: A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electro-mechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.

DC Drive Motor: DC drive technology is efficient, reliable, cost effective, operator friendly and relatively easy to implement. DC drive provides many advantages over AC drives, especially for regenerative and high power applications. DC drives have been widely used in industrial drive applications in order to offer very precise control.

Solar Panel: Solar panel is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. These are called solar panels because the most powerful source of light available from the Sun called Solar energy. A solar panel is a collection of solar cells.

Battery: A lead acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery in which lead ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging. Lead- acid batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as one electrode material, compared to the metallic lead used in a non-rechargeable lead acid battery. The electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes are the constituent components of a lead acid battery cell.

Advantages:

• Low Initial Cost, thus affordable by Indian Farmers.
• No cost of Fuels.
• Low Operating & Handling Costs.
• Low Maintenance Cost.
• Light in weight & Compact.
• Use of Non-Conventional Source of Energy, thus conserving Fossil Fuels.

Download and reference :

https://www.ijirset.com/upload/2018/rtmeas/1_rtmeas3.pdf

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