Shaper tools | Types of Shaper Tools , Classification Of Shaper Tools

Shaper tools

The cutting tool used in a shaper is a single point cutting tool having rake, clearance and other tool angles similar to a lathe tool. It differs from a lathe tool in tool angles. Shaper tools are much more rigid and heavier to withstand shock experienced by the cutting tool at the commencement of each cutting stroke. In a shaper tool the amount of side clearance angle is only 2 angle is 40 for cast iron and steel. Small clearance angle adds strength.

As the tool removes metal mostly from its side cutting edge, side rake of 10 is usually provided with little or no rake. A shaper can also use a right hand or left hand tool. High speed steel is most  common material for a shaper tool but shock resistant cemented carbide tipped tool is also used where harder material is to be machined. As in a lathe, tool holders are also used to hold the tool bits.

Types of shaper Tools /  Classification of shaper tools

The shaper tools are classified as

According to the shape:

1. Straight tool.
2. Cranked tool.
3. Goose necked tool.

According to the direction of cutting:

1. Left hand tool.
2. Right hand tool.

According to the finish required:

• Roughing tool.
• Finishing tool.

According to the type of operation

1. Down cutting tool.
2. Parting off tool.
3. Squaring tool.
4. Side recessing tool.

According to the shape of the cutting edge

1. Round nose tool.
2. Square nose tool.

Commonly used shaper tools are shown in Fig.

Round nose tool: This is used for roughing operations. The tool has no top rake. It has side rake angle, in between 10 to 200. Round tool is of two types used for rough machining of horizontal surface. Round nose tool can be left handed or right handed .  Another type of round nose tool which is cranked or bent is used for machining vertical surfaces. It is known as round nose cutting down tool.

Square nose tool: This tool is used for finishing operations. The cutting edge may have different  widths. It is also used to machine the bottom surfaces of key ways and grooves.

Side recessing tool: This is a special tool used for machining T slots and Narrow slots . This  tool can be both left handed and right

Parting off tool:

This is used for parting off operation. It is also used for cutting narrow slots. It has no side rake angle. It has front and side clearance angle of 3 degree 

Goose necked tool:

This is also known as spring tool. The special shape of tool reduces chatter and prevents digging of tool into the work piece . This tool is generally used for finishing cast iron.

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