Table of Contents
Vapour Absorption Refrigeration system | Working ,Diagram
Introduction
Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems (VARS) belong to the class of vapour cycles similar to vapour compression refrigeration systems. However, unlike vapour compression refrigeration systems, the required input to absorption systems is in the form of heat. Hence these systems are also called as heat operated or thermal energy driven systems. Since conventional absorption systems use liquids for
absorption of refrigerant, these are also sometimes called as wet absorption systems. Similar to vapour compression refrigeration systems, vapour absorption refrigeration systems have also been commercialized and are widely used in various refrigeration and air conditioning applications. Since these systems run on low-grade thermal energy, they are preferred when low-grade energy such as waste heat or solar energy is available. Since conventional absorption systems use natural refrigerants such as water or ammonia they are environment friendly.
Read more :Vapor Compression Refrigeration System | Basic, Working, Parts Of System
Construction:
- The vapour absorption system consists of a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator.
- They perform the same as they do in vapour compression method.
- In addition to these, this system has an absorber, a heat exchanger, an analyser and a rectifier.
Working:
1. Dry ammonia vapour at low pressure passes in to the absorber from the evaporator.
2. In the absorber the dry ammonia vapour is dissolved in cold water and strong solution of ammonia is formed.
3. Heat evolved during the absorption of ammonia is removed by circulating cold water through the coils kept in the absorber.
4. The highly concentrated ammonia (known as Aqua Ammonia) is then pumped by a pump to generator through a heat exchanger.
5. In the heat exchanger the strong ammonia solution is heated by the hot weak solution returning from the generator to the absorber.
6. In the generator the warm solution is further heated by steam coils, gas or electricity and the ammonia vapour is driven out of solution.
7. The boiling point of ammonia is less than that of water.
8. Hence the vapours leaving the generator are mainly of ammonia.
9. The weak ammonia solution is left in the generator is called weak aqua.
10. This weak solution is returned to the absorber through the heat exchanger.
11. Ammonia vapours leaving the generator may contain some water vapour.
12. If this water vapour is allowed to the condenser and expansion valve, it may freeze resulting in chocked flow.
13. Analyser and rectifiers are incorporated in the system before condenser.
14. The ammonia vapour from the generator passes through a series of trays in the analyser and ammonia is separated from water vapour.
15. The separated water vapour returned to generator.
16. Then the ammonia vapour passes through a rectifier.
17. The rectifier resembles a condenser and water vapour still present in ammonia vapour condenses and the condensate is returned to analyser.
18. The virtually pure ammonia vapour then passes through the condenser.
19. The latent heat of ammonia vapour is rejected to the cooling water circulated through the condenser and the ammonia vapour is condensed to liquid ammonia.
20. The high pressure liquid ammonia is throttled by an expansion valve or throttle valve.
21. This reduces the high temperature of the liquid ammonia to a low value and liquid ammonia partly evaporates.
22. Then this is led to the evaporator.
23. In the evaporator the liquid fully vaporizes.
24. The latent heat of evaporation is obtained from the brine or other body which is being cooled.
25. The low pressure ammonia vapour leaving the evaporator again enters the absorber and the cycle is completed.
26. This cycle is repeated again to provide the refrigerating effect.
Applications of refrigeration system:
- Preservation of food items like vegetables, milk and eggs.
- Preservation of medicines.
- Preservation of blood, tissues, etc.,
- Preservation and cooling of cool drinks.
- Preservation of chemicals (Chemical industries)
- Cooling of water.
- Industrial and comfort air conditioning.
- Processing of dairy products.
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