Introduction To Hydraulic Turbine and Classification Of hydraulic turbine

HYDRAULIC TURBINES —DEFINITION

The hydraulic turbine is a prime mover that uses the energy of flowing water and converts  is  into  the  mechanical  energy  in  the  form  of  rotation  of  the  runner.  (A prime mover is a machine which uses the raw energy of a substance and converts it into the mechanical energy.) Since the fluid medium is water, these turbines are also known   as   the   ‘ water   turbines’ .   Hydraulic   turbines   coupled   with   hydro    — generators form the so  —called ‘ hydrounits’ which are widely used now a days for generating electrical power.


See also: 
Introduction to Hydraulic (Water) Turbine -Working Of Impulse and Reaction Turbine

types of hydraulic turbine-min
types of hydraulic turbine-min

Classification of Hydraulic turbines:


1) Based on type of energy at inlet to the turbine:

  • Impulse Turbine : The energy is in the form of kinetic form. e.g: Pelton wheel, Turbo wheel.
  • Reaction Turbine : The energy is in both Kinetic and Pressure form. e.g: Tubular, Bulb, Propellar, Francis turbine.
Example Of Turbine Pelton Wheel
Example Of Turbine Pelton Wheel


2) Based on direction of flow of water through the runner:

  • Tangential flow: water flows in a direction tangential to path of rotational, i.e. Perpendicular to both axial and radial directions.
  • Radial outward flow e.g : Forneyron turbine.
  • Axial flow : Water flows parallel to the axis of the turbine. e.g: Girard, Jonval, Kalpan turbine.
  • Mixed flow : Water enters radially at outer periphery and leaves axially. e.g : Modern Francis turbine.

3) Based on the head under which turbine works:

  • High head, impulse turbine. e.g : Pelton turbine.
  • Medium head,reaction turbine. e.g : Francis turbine.
  • Low head, reaction turbine. e.g : Kaplan turbine, propeller turbine.

4) Based on the specific speed of the turbine:

  • Low specific speed, impulse turbine. e.g : Pelton wheel.
  • Medium specific speed, reaction turbine. e.g : Francis wheel.
  • High specific speed, reaction turbine. e.g : Kaplan and Propeller turbine.
Classification According to Specific Speed Of the turbine 
Classification According to Specific Speed Of the turbine

5) Based on the name of the originator:

  • Impulse turbine – Pelton wheel, Girard, Banki turbine.
  • Reaction turbine – Forneyron, Jonval, Francis, Dubs, Deriaze, Thomson kalpan, Barker, Moody, Nagler, Bell.
FRANCIS TURBINE- Diagram, Working Principle
GATE 2018 syllabus For Mechanical Engineering Verbal, Technical
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