Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor

What is Carburetor

Carburetor is a device used for atomizing and vapourizing the fuel and mixing it with the air in varying proportions to suit for changing the operating conditions of engines. The process of breaking up and mixing the fuel with the air is called carburetion. The term vapourization and atomization should be understood clearly. Vaporization is a change of state of the fuel from liquid to vapour whereas atomization is a mechanical breaking-up of the liquid into small particles so that every minute particle of the fuel is surrounded by the air.
The carburetor is supposed to supply the fuel air mixture in correct proportion under different conditions of temperature, speed and load on engine. Relatively rich mixture of air fuel ratio of 12:1 is required by the engine while accelerating or running at high speeds. A leaner mixture of air-fuel ratio of 16:1 is sufficient while running on levelled roads. For idling, a richer mixture of about 14:I is needed. Similarly, an extremely rich mixture having a ratio of 9:1 is required during cold starting.

Read More : Carburettor – Diagram , working , parts ,types

Functions of Carburetor

1. It prepares a mixture of petrol and air in correct proportions.
2. It maintains a small reserve of petrol in the float chamber at constant head.
3. It atomizes and vapourizes the fuel.
4. It supplies a fine spray of petrol.
5. It produces a homogeneous mixture.
6. It measures and supplies the proper quantity and proportions of air and fuel under all conditions of engine operations such as temperature, speed and load.

TYPES OF CARBURETOR

The carburetors can be classified according to the following considerations.

1. According to the direction of flow.
a. Uplift carburetors or updraft carburetor
b. Down draft carburetor
c. Horizontal carburetor.

2. According to the arrangement of the float chamber
a. Eccentric carburetor
b. Concentric carburetor.

3. According to the number of units
a. Single carburetor
b. Double carburetor.

4. According to the metering system
a. Air bled jet carburetor
b. Metering pin type carburetor.

5. According to the type of venturi
a. Plain venturi carburetor
b. Double venturi carburetor
c. Vane venturi carburetor
d. Nozzle bar venturi carburetor
e. Triple venturi carburetor.

6. According to the type of power system
a. Manually operated carburetor
b. Vacuum controlled carburetor.

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